Chapter 22
Puberphonia differentiate “spiritually naked" and “physically naked”
“The larynx is a sexual organ, because it’s
very different between one sex to the other and that has to do with how much
testosterone there is compared to other hormones that balance it out,” Titze
told Fatherly, adding that testosterone
levels shape the length and musculature of the vocal folds, which vibrate to
produce sound and ultimately dictate pitch.
Puberty and adolescence are two terms interlinked to each other representing certain changes and period of such changes. Puberty refers to the physical changes leading to sexual maturity in a boy or a girl. Adolescence refers to the transition period when psychological and social changes take place in a boy or girl. Puberty is the reason for the adolescence and this period may vary from one person to another. During puberty, surprising cracks and unexpected squeaks can signal changes in your voice. Your adolescent's relationships with others
In male adolescent begins to
struggle for independence and control, many changes may happen. The following
are some of the issues that may be involved with your adolescent during these
years:
·
He wants independence from
parents.
·
Peer influence and acceptance is
very important.
·
Peer relationships become very
important.
·
He may be in love.
·
He may have long-term commitments
in relationships.
Creation
of Adam's apple in male and breaking of voice.
Sex
is identified and recognized and got ashamed of one’s nakedness
Adam’s apple: The protruding part of the throat is called Adam’s apple. It is the enlarged voice box or larynx which gets enlarged and visible from outside in boys at the onset of puberty. Adam's apple in your throat will start to become more noticeable. This makes the voice of boys hoarse. The larynx, specifically the laryngeal prominence that joins the thyroid cartilage, in the human throat is noticeably more prominent in males and was consequently called an Adam's apple, from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit getting stuck in Adam's throat as he swallowed it. increasing in prominence as a secondary male sex characteristic in puberty, It is a secondary sexual characteristic: meaning it appears around the time of puberty and helps distinguish between the sexes, as it is more prominent in men than it is in women. The increase of the laryngeal prominence takes place during puberty and is logically thought to play a role in the voice maturation that also occurs in this period. However, no work has yet been done to prove this relationship decisively, only small reports of cadaver studies. They become aware of their "nakedness" and make fig-leaf clothes, and hide themselves when God approaches.
It's interesting to note that Adam and Eve made themselves coverings with the appearance of voice/ Adams apple. After eating the forbidden fruit the eyes of both Adam and Eve were opened, they now knew they were naked, and immediately after formation of Adams apple the Adams voice break and changed. This made them to recognize their sex. they made coverings for themselves. This verse gives us some idea as to why they decided to sew leaves together for clothing: They understood their condition, which was both "spiritually naked" and physically naked, and they made a vain attempt to cover what they had done by fabricating some rudimentary clothes out of materials that were readily available to them.What does it mean when a guy has a high pitched voice?
The most important secondary sex characteristic
in humans is the deeper voice. Puberty, with its voice
changes among other things, can be a stressful time for teens, but
understanding more about the process can help everyone cope with the situation.
If he is concerned about how his voice sounds, you can reassure your son that
the squeaks and changes are normal growing pains and that they won't last
forever. The good news is that when his voice changes, he'll be getting the
growth spurt he has been wishing for.
Our study is the first to investigate attributions of
infidelity as a function of sexual dimorphism in male and female voices. We
found that men attributed high infidelity risk to feminized women's voices, but
not significantly more often than did women. Our data suggest that voice pitch
is used as an indicator of sexual strategy in addition to underlying mate
value. Voice changes do not happen in a vacuum. Increases in
testosterone during puberty make many changes in the body, not just to the voice.
However,
the timing of the voice changes during puberty is significant because it does
so at a certain point during the overall changes that are occurring. Voice
changes happen when boys are between Tanner
stages 3 and 4.1
The
Tanner stages describe the physical changes in a boy's genitalia during
puberty. Your doctor assesses your son's Tanner Stage, so feel free to ask
where your son is at—puberty-wise—after his next checkup. It may give you an
indication if a voice change is on the horizon.
The
age at which voice changes begin varies widely between boys. Most often it
begins between the ages of 12 and 13 and the changes are mostly complete after
ages 15 to 18.
When your son's voice begins to change, this often marks the
beginning of his “growth spurt.” This growth spurt is a time during adolescence
where height increases rapidly.
Once
boys voice stops changing, his growth spurt starts to decrease. This process
can last two to three years.
At
birth, boys’ and girls’ vocal folds are similar lengths, measuring about 2
millimeters long, but they continue to grow as the child grows. Girls' vocal
folds grow 0.4 millimeters in length each year, but boy's vocal folds grow 0.7
millimeters in length for the same time period – almost twice as much.
This
growth eventually slows down, leaving girls with a maximum vocal fold length of
10 millimeters and boys with a length of 16 millimeters. A longer vocal fold
means a deeper voice, which is why males tend to have a deeper voice than
girls.
Changes in the larynx are related to the increasing amounts of
testosterone in boys during puberty. The increase in testosterone leads to a
lengthening of the cartilage of the larynx and of the vocal folds, as well as
the thickening of the vocal folds.
Unlike the boys (where the most significant
growth in the larynx is front to back), in a girl’s larynx, the most
significant growth is top to bottom. This means her pitch range will not change
much, although her gear changes will almost certainly move. The biggest change
you’ll hear is in her vocal weight and the timbre of her voice.
Study History
Creative legend
Brothers, film composer,
singer, ... Widely regarded as one of the greatest Indian
music composer,... as well as music group headed by his elder brother At the age of 14, the junior brothers joined the musical troupe
owned by his elder brother, for singing in child voice with the seniors in
adult male voice.
Four
National Awards, 19 Filmfare awards, a Padma Bhushan and innumerable classics
that placed Indian cinema on the global map, innocent Kamal Haasan, then just four years old , Veteran Payback singer MS Rajeswari
given voice to Kamal Hassan. A brilliant performance
The stages of voice change in puberphonia
There seem to be four stages of change for girls, matching their
menarcheal state. For singing and drama teachers it helps to know how these
might manifest:
Stage I: Prepubertal. Average age 8-10 or 11
Listen for their average speaking pitch – Stage I girls will
speak around Middle C or D (C4 or D4) although there can be variations of up to
a third either side. The quality of the sound is clear and childlike with no
apparent changes or breaks
Stage IIA: Pubescence/Pre-Menarcheal. Average
age 11-12 or 13
You may notice the first signs of physical development including
increased height and breast development. Their average speaking pitch drops a
little to B3 or C#4, although conversely, their singing may start to suffer as
some girls lose their lower notes.
During this stage, the arytenoid cartilages and the muscles that
close them may be growing at different rates. This causes temporary problems
with closing at the back of the vocal folds, so there may be breathiness in the
tone. The breathiness can occur across the pitch range and may cause
problems with volume, especially in the middle and upper range. Despite the
breathiness, a girl’s voice quality can become thicker or slightly weightier
during Stage IIA
Stage IIB: Puberty/Post-menarcheal. Average
age 13-14 or 15
Again, the girl’s average speaking pitch may drop, this time to
between A3 and C#4
The lower pitches can feel more comfortable to sing, and the sound is more
mature. Be careful at this stage not to keep her singing solely in the lower
register (even if she likes it) as her voice will not yet be settled enough to
produce volume and weight on the lowest notes. Keep working the girl’s range,
even if you let her “sit” at the lower pitches more often.
The sound can still be breathy and the range can move up or
down, or shorten dramatically, or change by the week! You’ll find it helpful to
monitor each girl’s voice frequently during this stage – make it part of the
lesson to find out how everyone is doing.
Often girls have a more full-bodied sound in the lower register
but shift into a breathier sound higher up. There may be noticeable gear
changes at G4 to B4 and again at D5 to F#5
Stage III: Young adult
female/Post-menarcheal. Average age 14-15 or 16
Things start to settle down in Stage III – her vocal range may
increase again and the tone is more even across the range. You may also notice
that there is more ability to sing comfortably lower AND higher.
Male puberphonia voice change can be
characterised by
1.
Increasing of average
speaking pitch area (mean speaking fundamental frequency)
2.
Voice “cracking” and
abrupt register “breaks” (abrupt voice quality changes)
3.
Increased breathiness,
huskiness, or hoarseness in voice quality
4.
Decreased and
inconsistent range capabilities (tessitura tends to fluctuate)
5.
Uncomfortable singing
or effortful and delayed starting sound (note onsets)
6.
Heavy, breathy,
“rough” tone production and/or colourless, breathy, thin tone quality
7.
Insecurity of pitch
intonation.
Although voice change in females is not as dramatic as that
observed in males, it does occur. In comparisons of male and female adolescent
voice change, many characteristics are found in both sexes.”
Voice pitch,
in particular, has been associated with indirect measures of reproductive
fitness in both men and women—men with “masculine”
low-pitched voices and women with “feminine”
high-pitched voices tend to be rated more attractive and have
more sexual partners. The deep timbre of a male voice may sound
attractive, but low-voiced men actually tend to have lower sperm counts, a new
study says. Multiple studies have found that women usually favor masculine
features, such as prominent jaws, high muscle mass, and low-pitched voices. The
theory is that these traits signal a high-quality mate—for instance, it's been
proposed that masculine men generally have more robust amounts of sperm. But
the new research revealed that, while deep voices are attractive to women,
low-pitched men actually tended to have lower concentrations of sperm in their
ejaculate.
Voice analysis
Voice
recordings were analyzed using the free voice analysis software PRAAT version 5.2.35 [56]. For each voice recording the pitch of each of the first
four vowels ("a", "e", "i", & "o")
was extracted, and an average pitch calculated across the four vowels. The
vowel "u" was not included in the analysis because of the tendency
for participants to intonate this vowel with a downward inflection. PRAAT
calculates pitch using a noise-resistant autocorrelation method. We used
PRAAT's standard settings: pitch floor of 75 Hz and ceiling of 600 Hz, window
length 0.04 s and time step of 0.01 s. There were no significant relationships
between voice pitch and men's height (r = −0.027, P =
0.850), weight (r = 0.018, P = 0.896),
testes volume (r = 0.031, P = 0.826), or
age (r = −0.167, P = 0.227) so these variables were not
considered further.
7 Sneaky Things Your Voice
Can Predict About Your Personality and Health
It's
not just what you say—it's what you sound like when you say it.
Your authoritativeness
Those who were given more
power raised the pitch of their voices more, varied how loud their voices were,
and became less monotone. This is just one of the bizarre
things you never knew about your own voice.
Your marriage’s stability
Researchers recorded couples in marriage therapy sessions for
two years and then used a computer to analyze voice features like jitter,
loudness, and pitch in a study
Looking at the couples’ marital statuses five years later, researchers found
that a computer’s analysis of tone of voice was better at predicting whether
the relationship got better or worse than an analysis of the words therapists
used to describe the sessions. Plus, the way you speak to your partner is one
way to have a happier
marriage.
If
you’re “just friends”
When talking to someone they’ve been romantically involved with
for less than a year, people tend to sound sexier and more pleasant than when
talking to a same-sex platonic friend. The differences were obvious enough that
independent raters were able to identify if the caller was talking to a friend
or lover. The researchers say this might be because people change their voices
to communicate their relationship status.
Your
career success
Vote for political candidates with lower voices, regardless of
the nominee’s gender. The researchers stress that their findings are
correlation—not causation—and done in a lab setting, respectively. But a lower
voice could (wrongly or rightly) signal strength and trustworthiness to
listeners. If your job calls for giving presentations.
Your trustworthiness
Rate the voices on
personality traits like trustworthiness and dominance. While the study couldn’t
verify how accurate the ratings were, the researchers found that most people
rated the voices similarly. For instance, men who raised their pitches were
seen as more trustworthy, while women whose voices went up at the end of a word
were seen as less trustworthy. Although you can’t change your voice, you can
adopt these habits
that make people trust you.
Your fertility
Women’s voices are higher pitched before ovulation than when
their fertility is low. Researchers think men have evolved to find
higher-pitched voices more attractive because feminizing hormones and
youthfulness are associated with indicate high fertility.
Your height
Tall people typically have larger lower airways, including
lungs, which gives them a lower voice than shorter people usually have, the
researchers say. Voice out these bizarre ways your height
affects your health.
Ingo
R Titze1PMID: 16671856 , DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/035)
The sac is an effective
resonator, like a sounding board on a stringed instrument. The sac itself,
however, is not able to amplify the level of the call. As the air is expelled
over the vocal chords and the call is completed, the sac deflates. It often is
seen as an area of wrinkles or folded skin on the throat or shoulders of some
species.
