Chapter 24
The membranophone Source of energy in treating Puberphonia
In order to change the
frequency of sounds, always need three things: A source of energy, a source of
vibration, and a resonating chamber. This is true for all acoustic
(non-electronic) instruments, including the human voice. The voice is
fundamentally a wind instrument. The human vocal apparatus is like other kinds of musical instruments at
once: a wind instrument and a string instrument. This apparatus includes a
source of wind (the lungs), components that vibrate (the vocal cords in the
larynx), and a series of resonant chambers (the pharynx, the mouth, and the
nasal cavities). Here is how all these components work together when you speak.
We use air to make sound, rather than
vibrating strings or hitting objects to
change the pitch. The larynx produces the vibrations without which you would have no
voice, it is these other parts of your vocal apparatus that make your voice so
flexible and versatile. Actually
"cords" is not really a good name, because they are not string at
all, but rather flexible stretchy material more like a stretched piece of
balloon.
A water bottle and a paper
tube make a membranophone—an
instrument that produces sound from a vibrating stretched membrane. It is
similar to catch a talking toy and put it in a bottle.
The finger holes can be opened along the length of the tube to increase the effective length, thereby in decreasing the frequency in puberphonia.
The term percussion instrument refers to the
fact that most idiophones and membranophones are sounded by being struck,
although other playing methods include rubbing, shaking, plucking, and
scraping.
We provide membranophone to puberphonia boys
for learning andrecognisingthe positive low pitch of vocal production. It is a positive
learning process. It is a active
voicing, during novel voiced vocal production in puberphonia. Membranophone
activation was successful after few
exposure, precluding that it developed out of training or conditioning. Indeed,
within one hour of practice, individuals tailored their voice duration and
frequency insomuch that showed major differences to the novel vocalizations
from which they originally deprived.
Percussion is commonly referred to as "the
backbone" or "the heartbeat" of a musical instruments.
Drumming releases endorphins, enkephalins and Alpha waves in the brain,
which are associated with general feelings of well-being and euphoria.
When drummers play with an open mouth or make
a funny face, it's because they get lost in the music, and they feel it. Those
are uncontrolled movements that one is not aware of doing, called movement
coordination patterns or mannerisms. CHILDREN
ESPECIALLY WITH ADD, ADHD and other challenges seem to be drawn to these drums
and may benefit interacting with them under adult supervision to increase their
creativity and motor skills. We are confident that puberphonia boys will love
these or we will be happy to perform membraphone drumming. It work as an ART.
Thappattam
Parai means 'to speak' or 'to tell'. A hollow drum made of a wooden ring, with cow skin
stretched on one side and played with two unequal sticks, the percussion sticks used
are two in number and named after the quality of the sound they generate. The
thin slender percussion stick is called “sunddu kucchi” (high pitch) and the
other thick relatively shorter stick is called “adi kucchi” (base note). In
current times, Parai is considered a musical art to express freedom.
The sound of drumming generates new neuronal
connections in all parts of the brain. The more connections that can be made
within the brain, the more integrated our experiences become. This leads
to a deeper sense of self-awareness.
Drumming also appears to synchronize the lower
areas of the brain (non-verbal) with the frontal cortex (language and
reasoning). This integration produces feelings of insight and certainty.
For these reasons therapeutic drumming may be
a powerful tool in helping retrain the brains of people who have some level of
damage or impairment, such as with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), after
a stroke, or where
there is neurological disease such as Parkinson’s.
Finally, drumming can induce a natural “high”
by increasing Alpha brain waves. When the brain changes from Beta waves
(concentration) to Alpha waves, you feel calm and relaxed.
As such, Alpha waves can also produce feelings
of well-being and even euphoria, which may help people who suffer from mental
illness, such as depression
and anxiety.
This same Alpha activity is associated with
meditation and other integrative modes of consciousness.
Health Reasons to Start Drumming
Drumming can have positive effects on your
health and may help with many conditions from stress, fatigue,
and anxiety, to hypertension,
asthma, chronic
pain, arthritis, mental
illness, addiction, and even
cancer.
Here’s why drumming is good for you:
1.Makes you happy. Participate
in a drum circle or take a cardio drumming class and you will see how happy it
makes you. Drumming releases endorphins, enkephalins and Alpha waves in the
brain, which are associated with general feelings of well-being and euphoria.
2.
Induces deep relaxation. In one
study, blood
samples from participants who participated in an hour-long drumming session
revealed a reversal in stress hormones.
3.
Helps control chronic pain. Drumming
can certainly serve as a distraction from pain. And, it promotes the production
of endorphins and endogenous opiates, which are the body’s own morphine-like
painkillers.
4.
Boosts your immune system. Studies
show that drumming circles boost the immune system. It has shown that group
drumming actually increases natural T-cells, which help the body combat cancer
as well as other viruses, including AIDS.
5.
Creates a sense of connectedness. Drumming
circles and group drumming classes provide an opportunity for “synchronicity”
in that you connect with your own spirit at a deeper level while also
connecting with other like-minded people.
6.
Aligns your body and mind with the natural world. The Greek
origin of the word “rhythm” is “to flow.” Drumming allows you to flow with the
rhythms of life by simply feeling the beat.
7.
Provides a way to access a higher power. Drumming as
a means to integrate mind, body and spirit. They focus on the whole body and
then integrate the healing at both the physical and spiritual level by
drumming, which connects spiritual forces.
8. Releases negative feelings. The act of
drumming can serve as a form of self-expression. Puberphonia can literally drum out their feelings. When
held, negative emotions can form energy blockages. The physical stimulation of
hitting the drums can help remove those blockages. Drumming has even been used
therapeutically to help addicts deal with their emotions.
9.
Puts puberphonia in the present moment. While
drumming you are moving your awareness toward the flow of life. When you are
flowing with the rhythm of life you cannot be caught up in your past or
worrying about your future.
10. Allows for personal
transformation. Drumming stimulates creative expression. When one
drum in a group, thay not only get to self-express, but get feedback from the other drummers.
It’s the equivalent of talk therapy! Drum circles provide a means of exploring
your inner self, and expanding your consciousness while being part of a
community.
These two stretchy things are
what vibrate. How much your vocal cords are stretched makes your voice higher
and lower - the looser your vocal cords, the lower the sound, and the tighter,
the higher. Then as the sound goes up into your mouth, the shape of your mouth
(and the shape of your sinus cavities in your face and nose) change the sound
even more, to create a wonderful flexible instrument capable of speech
sounding.
Each musical instrument
has both a vibrating mechanism and a resonating mechanism. The vibrating
mechanism is the source of the sound waves, and the resonating mechanism
refines, augments and amplifies those sound waves giving the instrument its
unique tonal character. A few things that make the voice vastly different from
every other instrument include the fact that the vocal folds can simultaneously
be stretched, thickened or thinned, changing the nature of the actual source of
the sound waves; in addition, the vocal tract of the human voice can change shape
on a dime which enables to talk/ sing a huge amount of different vowel sounds,
give their voice a seemingly unlimited number of colors, and also adding the
dimension of language to the instrument. The fact that the human voice is
vastly more complex than any man made instrument gives speakers a lot of
options, but this complexity also makes it an instrument that is extremely
difficult to “play.”
Wind instruments usually have a reed that you
blow across, a mouthpiece that you blow against with the lips, or a mouthpiece
that you blow over and across. A wind instrument needs…..wind..as in breath
being blown into it. Pitch is controlled by using a sometimes complicated
fingering system (think clarinet or flute) using, many times, all 10 fingers,
to lengthen and shorten the inside of the instrument’s air column to produce
notes. The exception to this is the slide trombone which physically makes the
wind column longer and shorter. String use strings….wind instruments use wind.
Every note has its own fundamental frequency. In string instruments, you
control the frequency by putting your finger on a fret usually. In wind
instruments, you control the frequency by which holes you cover
There are multiple theories behind
the origin of Sa-Re-Ga-Ma-Pa-Da-Ni. They're believed to be originated from the
sounds of animals with each of the 7 swaras corresponding to the 7 chakras of
the body.
Sa - Shadyamam - Originator of the 6 swaras. Shadya means 6. This is the
most basic sound that requires minimum effort, a Peacock sound. The sound
of the peacock is called 'Agaval'. We call the 'peacock' a sweet sound that the
male peacock makes when it even seeks its mate. Similarly, when a benefactor
mingled with the Lord, they named it 'Agaval' to express their blissful bliss /
state through Tamil songs.
Re - Rishabham - As powerful as a
bull
Ga - Gandharam - Melancholic,Goat
Ma - Madhyamam - The middle swara,Heron
Pa - Panchamam - The fifth swara, Koel
Da - Daivatham - Sensitive, Horse
Ni - Nishadam - That closes. Since this is the last swara. Elephent
The Science
Behind it . .
How does
instruments make sound? Instruments produce a sound when a part of it vibrates,
producing sounds that are loud enough to be heard by the human ear. These
sounds, or musical notes, are produced differently in each of the four main
families of instruments: Woodwind, Brass, String, and Percussion. Air is blown
across the reed attached to the mouthpiece of the instrument, vibrating the air
down the tube of the instrument to produce sounds. Different notes are produced
by covering or opening holes in the instrument tube, changing the size of the instrument tube. Air is
blown into the instrument by ‘buzzing’ lips across the cup shaped mouthpiece,
producing a vibration and sound through the instrument. Different notes are
produced by changing the length of the instrument or the size of the
bell-shaped end. Material is stretched over a hollow container and struck by a
hand or stick, producing a vibration that produces sound. Different notes are
produced by tightening the material stretched over the container or the size of
the hollow container.
We follow the
wind instruments music guideline. In a wind musical instrument a column of air enclosed in a wooden tube on metal tube vibrates and produces speech sound. Air is blown
vibrating the air down the tube of the instrument to produce sounds. Different
notes are produced by covering or opening holes in the instrument tube.
Changing the reed, and size of the instrument tube will not change the
frequency. Vocal folds vibrate when excited by
aerodynamic phenomena; they are not plucked like a guitar string.
When you speak, air rushes
from your lungs and makes your vocal cords vibrate, producing the sound of your
voice. If you've ever plucked a small, thin rubber band, you've heard the
high-pitched twang it makes when it's stretched. A thicker rubber band makes a
deeper, lower-pitched twang. It's the same sort of thing with vocal cords.
As your body adjusts to this changing equipment, your voice may
"crack" or "break."
Reference
1. Ingo
Titze, Tobias Riede, Ted Mau. Predicting
Achievable Fundamental Frequency Ranges in Vocalization Across Specie
s. PLOS
Computational Biology, 2016; 12 (6): e1004907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004907
2. Design methodology and material evaluation criteria for membranophone shells, Applied Acoustics
Volume 169, 1 December 2020, 107449, Author ManuelIbáñez-ArnalLuisDoménech-BallesterFernandoSánchez-López
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